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Journal: May 4

Woke up around 5 am a little headachy but otherwise in OK shape. After yesterday’s ordeal, I’m in no hurry, so have been lying in the tent sipping coffee and reading the book Emily gave me in Portland: Chögyam Trungpa’s “Shambhala, The Sacred Path of the Warrior.”

I just read a section about adapting to challenges and moving through difficulty. He talks about the fear that tempts a person to shrink from the world, from new experiences and people, and about the differences between indulging and appreciating. In the face of discouragement a person can either indulge in depression and worry, or appreciate setbacks as messages from reality about how the world works. With appreciation, it is easier to overcome discouragement and to adapt to the new situation. This requires releasing some ego, or fixed ideas about self and the world. Remembering to face reality with appreciation causes fear to give way to inquisitiveness, & that, in turn, encourages you to engage with the world, because now you can trust that reality will always give you the right messages. There is a passage I really like, especially the last sentence:

“When you trust in those messages, the reflections of the phenomenal world, the world begins to seem like a bank or reservoir, of richness. You feel that you are living in a rich world, one that never runs out of messages. A problem arises only if you try to manipulate the situation to your advantage or ignore it. Then you are violating your relationship of trust with the phenomenal world, so then the reservoir might dry up. But usually you will get a message first. If you are being too arrogant, you will find yourself being pushed down by heaven, and if you are being too timid, you will find yourself being raised up by earth.”

Thirst

This is from my first full day east of The Dalles, Oregon, almost 3 weeks into the trip. I started out with less than 2 quarts of water, expecting access to a creek along the 18 miles before the Deschuttes River. I walked one road for about 10 miles that went right by a creek, but fences lined every inch. I could have easily hopped the fences, but this was Indian reservation land, and a combination of respect for, and fear of, the land owners and their vehement “Absolutely no Trespassing!” and “No Creek Access” signs kept me plodding on. I hoped for an opening to the creek or a helpful-looking person, but no one was to be seen, except for a couple of old pickups that drove by, and a man working in his yard with two pre-teen children; they all conspicuously disappeared into the house as soon as I came into view.

Early in the day I saw something awesome that I couldn’t help taking as some kind of omen: I had stopped walking for a moment and was staring across a green field between me and the creek. Suddenly I heard a truly terrified scream, then a loud rush of air immediately followed by another. From behind me, just feet above my head, a blackbird was being chased by a falcon. The blackbird dove by my head toward the ground then jagged up and to the right, barely evading the falcon’s strike. As it jagged to the left, the falcon recovered, and with 3 or 4 powerful beats of its wings, struck again with success. With the blackbird in its talons, the falcon dropped to the field below with a thud, wings spread to hide its kill. After a long moment, it carried the meal to the cover of a hedge at the field’s edge.

May 3, Fairbanks Gap ~ 12PM.

Sunny in the last 1/2 hour and getting hot. Still no water and at least 6 miles to go to the state park at Deschuttes River.

~~~
A few hours ago I finally made it to the state park campground at the mouth of the Deschutes River exhausted and thirsty. I laid down in a camp spot for about an hour before a lady ranger with one crooked eye came by and woke me. “Excuse me. You have to register a half hour after arriving.” I said OK and tried to explain that I needed rest — I had just walked from the Dalles, I mumbled. I didn’t get up for another hour; she must’ve understood me, or at least decided to let me be. I knew I was in bad shape, but I didn’t really begin to worry about it until I tried packing my bag to move and realizes that my thought processes weren’t working right. I felt pretty helpless, but forced myself up, packed, and managed to find the simple tent sights the ranger had told me about. I felt lost and not quite sure I had found the right section until I went to pay, about 90 minutes later. In that time, I mostly sat at my sight’s picnic table, staring around and feeling like I could cry. I was and am starting to think this trip was a bad idea and/or I got myself in over my head. I did what I do when I get nervous and started looking through my maps, but this time felt more serious than any other time before: I had just learned a big lesson about water, and am coming into one of the driest, least-populated sections of my trip. I’m feeling really unprepared. My pack is too heavy and I can’t walk as far as I’d like or feel like I need to. Some of my concepts about equipment and food have to change. I seriously need to go lighter, but am still attached to what I have — water filter, stove, etc. — and would feel insecure giving up my major things as I enter unknown/unfamiliar territory. Everything until now has been relatively familiar, particularly water availability and population density. Now I could be going 50-60 miles without even a small store, and the creeks coming off down from fields and pastures are increasingly turbid and foul-looking.

Looking at mileage past Deschutes crossing –
about 15 miles from Deschutes to Wasco
15 miles from Wasco to Mc D. Ford
23 miles to Cecil (no services) and Willow Cr. Campground.

Some last nice days of walking

Now that I’m settling back into life in Seattle, with work, a place to live, and time on my hands, I unpacked some of my journals from the trail. Here’s what I first opened to: pages from the last 2 weeks of the trip. I remember those being hard days, but reading this made me really miss it. So I thought I’d share a bit.

This starts from my arrival in Twin Falls, Idaho, on a Greyhound bus, after a short break in Boise.

Friday, June 19, 8:40 PM

It turned out to be a good week to rest: it rained much of the week and should get nicer from now on.

Camped outside of Twin Falls, across the Snake River canyon and a few miles to the east, on public land. Was tired after only a couple of hours, and the rain gave me an excuse to camp. But it turned out happy: the rain kept me in the tent, and now at sunset it’s dry, and the view standing before the tent over the canyon to the lights of Twin Falls is nearly mirracuous.

The canyon, like the Columbia Gorge, is said to have been cut by floods from the ancient Lake Boneville. And like the gorge (though smaller), the walls are cut vertically and little tributaries make tall cascades to the rocks below. I’m guessing the canyon to be almost 1000 feet deep, yet the top of of both sides is so level, when looking across at certain angles the canyon disappears and all seems like tamed farmland.

Marc called tonight. He wants to meet me somewhere along the way. I suggested Wyoming. Maybe we can travel together through the land of Joe Elliot and to the KC Ranch.

In Stegner there is mention of the “almost mystical” 98th meridian that seems to demarcate the boundary of the West. I am intrigued.

Saturday, June 20, 1:20 PM

I’m in the area of public land still, north of the river across from Twin Falls. Ranied until mid morning. Now cloudy. Flocks of pelicans often fly over in Vs in every direction. About 30 minutes ago, I found several Oregon Trail signs marked “North Side Trail.” Very nice swales in some places; in many spots, you can see where large rocks were cleared to the side. The trail weaves through the many outcroppings of sold lava rock. A laborious road indeed. If I keep walking, I’ll soon be out of public land. It would be good to camp again soon I guess, maybe close to Twin Falls creek where I can clean up a bit and get fresh water.

Saturday, 6:30 PM

I crossed the freeway and came toward, but didn’t reach, the small lake — the northernmost of 3, and the only one on Fish and Game land — about 3-4 miles NNE of Eden. Am camped in a meadow within an oval of lava rock walls about 70-90 yards in diameter. A dirt road curves around it on the west and south sides. And this circle is merely the largest of a few other such circles. Someone has spraypainted “CAVE” on a rock by the road to the north of here, with an arrow pointing to this spot, 2-300 yards away. Quite a beautiful spot at first look. Then walking around was impressed by some mysterious qualities. For one thing, it’s very clean, with very little of the broken glass, shotgun shells (spent), and the usual litter. And it’s not that there aren’t signs of life. There are 2 fire pits rimmed by good-sized pieces of lava rock. One is on a flat rock on the south end of the circle — the stage to a small amphitheater. Its back curtain is a concave wall of basalt pillars rising 9 feet. The other fire pit is 3/4 of the way across the circle, near the north in the flattest part of the inner meadow. This circle is large enough for a bon fire, but there is little evidence of recent use — only a few old coals show through the grassy soil.

I walked most of the day over meadows — which were much more solid than the muddy road. The roads in the north-of-the-freeway public land were too numerous to keep track of; I went instead from high point to high point with map and compass in hand, using for landmarks the road to the east, the freeway exit to Eden with the gas station, and some distant houses I passed a few hours ago where I crossed over the interstate. When I finally crossed a road near this cave I was used to traveling cross country, and didn’t mind going to search for the promised cave.

Which, by the way, is located in a smaller circle SE of this one, under its east wall. I could have climbed at least 20 feet inside it in two places, but judging by the paths of crushed tumbleweed that carpeted the entrances, I would be intruding on a least one household.

The entrance smelled mostly of birds, but the signs of furry four-leggeds was incontrovertible.

I have seen 2 cottontail rabbits, two lizards, and may have heard a snake move through the grass under my heel. And a night hasn’t gone by without coyote song.

The debate of course was whether to camp; and being some distance from the lake — my goal for mileage’s sake — the only issue is water. That was easily solved by scouting the basalt rocks to look for pools. What I found were many water-filled holes, only one with much more than a quart in it, but the water in them was crystal clear for the most part. Or it looked clear until I filtered it — the water came out rust colored, with a pleasantly smoky flavor. Here’s hoping there’s no arsenic or some other toxin!

8:37PM

Someone is doing some rapid fire target practice, and seems to be moving around. They were just maybe a few hundred yards away, then a little north, and then farther SW. I decided a better way to describe this area is “crater.” The top of the rim is closer to the height of the surrounding land, and this meadow is in a depression. I’m glad for it now — it’s probably the safest place to be.

I’ve been seeing nighthawks since about Shoshone, maybe first around Star Lake, which is very much part of this same desert.

—–

Counties I’ve crossed in Idaho: Canyon, Ada, Elmore, Gooding, Lincoln, and part of Jerome.

—–

Sunday, June 21, 12:30 PM

Rained out after only a couple of miles — much of the time climbing the lava rock formations just south of RR tracks and west of HW 25. It may have stopped — and may stop for a while — but I dread walking again through the wet grass in my shoes, which I’ve just cleaned. Aye! A loosing battle.

Learned to identify the yellow-headed blackbird, which I’ve been mistaking for tanagers.

—-
Stegner, from The Gathering of Zion:
The handcart pioneer idea was one that “common sense undazzled by prophesy might have annulled.”

—–

Monday, June 22, 3 PM, just below Milner Dam.

Left Wilson Lake this morning and was in Hazelton for breakfast of biscuits and gravy at the pizza place opposite the post office. To add to the joint’s identity crises, it was full of Alaska kitch — moose antlers, bear knickknacks, even a piece of whale baleen hung on the wall — in the middle of southern Idaho?! Anyway, I found it all charming and perfect, mostly because of the friendly reception. A guy from the seed factory was there having coffee and doughnuts with another man, and he greeted me within a second of entering by asking, “How far you going?” Then he helpfully gave me advice on getting from here to the Milner sight, which was exactly as I had planned — kudos to my navigation skills! Then talked to the proprietress about the AK/ID connection (lots of Idahoans in AK); the weather; St Maries, ID; and the rain ruining the hay but the farmers having insurance.

I walked on, stopping at the gas station by the freeway for an ice cream bar, and made more friendly conversation with the woman there. I was in and out another 2 times after eating my ice cream on a bench in the empty RV lot next door. First I got a coffee, next the bathroom. Another 1 1/2 — 2 hours took me through farm fields to here by the Snake River. A couple of hours by the shore has me caught up on my laundry. I rinsed and dried my dusty tarps, and dried my tent. Now letting my socks and underwear dry on the hot rocks — more black basalt. I have an area picked out to camp just east of here beyond the dam. Tomorrow: Burly.

Before I forget: had a nice stop at the tiny store in Eden yesterday before camping at Wilson Lake. I made it through and did my shopping between between T-storms. Two young women, the clerk and her friend, hung out outside and talked to me about my walk, and then nothing in particular. We were all in good cheer. As I was leaving a boy of about 8 or 9 rode up, being curious, I suppose. The girls told him I was walking across the country. He had to ask me twice before he seemed to get it. Then he said, “You better have like 500 grand!”

“Just a couple,” I said. He said it was hard for him to walk to the park (“exhausting!”). Said his school does a walking challenge that gets them walking up to 2 miles at a time.

It started to rain again just as I left Eden, and the sky was darkening fast. “If you’ve got thumbs, I’d start usin’ ‘em!” the boy said as he rode for shelter.

I have seen so many pelicans, mostly in large flocks. Now a group of over 30 are circling as they go higher. I saw them go from about 1200-1500′ to over 2000′. They looked for a moment like they were catching an air current and would V up, but then they went on circling. I cannot see individual birds anymore, just the barely visible flashing of bodies in the sunlight back and forth from their darker undersides, where the black wing patches are, to their white tops. Now they are so high they are just dots, and are forming a graceful V and heading west. They are marvelous birds to watch, near or far.

—–
Above the Milner Dam:

Milner Historic Recreation Area: A placard mentions former missionary Jason Lee touring Eastern states promoting Oregon. Mentions British interest and the U.S.’s idea that an “influx of settlers… would cement their claim to it.” Also, there is an 1841 wagon train mentioned that I had never heard of, that was unsuccessful — only about 30 out of 500 reached Oregon. 20,000 dead of the 300,000 who traveled between ‘41 and ‘69 — nearly one in ten!!! Says about a dozen west-bound trails cross this area, like the “north side” trail I saw outside Twin Falls. It also cites the depression and unemployment of the 1830s and 1840s as causes of the migration.

Campsite at Milner Rec Area

I am having the pleasantest damn time. The weather is a perfect, breezy 70 degrees, only clouds far off in the SE. I followed a couple miles of OT ruts to get to this sight, where there’s a picnic table and an open view to the east to a small island where a group of six white pelicans are lounging.

Tuesday, June 23, 9 AM.

I sit at a civilized table with a hot cup of coffee just off of the fire. Ah! Big warm mouthfuls of black coffee. Easy to forget it’s instant.

Had such a long talk with a BLM ranger yesterday evening, I’d say we almost became friends. Tim Little. We each had a story for every topic that came up. Especially Tim. We talked a lot about the land. He was pointing out landmarks to show me how the California Trail cuts off of the Oregon Trail — in front of the mountain range to the SE, toward another distant range to the SSW. I smiled and said, “Finally, someone who speaks landscape!” Usually people talk in terms of this highway and that road.

On the difference between the East and West: Tim went to college near D.C. and after returning to Idaho, had his Maryland-born roommate come out for a visit. Took him on a motorbike up to some peak, then for a joke snuck away with the bike in neutral down to where he could hide and watch his friend’s reaction. First the friend started to yell Tim’s name, then scream it, then “squawk” it. Then he just broke down and cried, at which point Tim felt bad and showed himself. The friend, for the first time not surrounded by people, felt totally alone and helpless and quickly became convinced that he would die out there. To which Tim said, pointing, “See about 15 miles down there? That’s a farm house. And see that hill over there? In front of that runs the highway.” He wonders still if his friend would have died up there had he actually been left alone. The story reminded me of the gray fox I once saw get its head stuck in a fence. I went back 20 minutes later to see it still there, whining. I jumped the fence to scared it into backing out of the hole, which it did easily. I have often wondered if it would have died there if I had done nothing.

We kept hearing some big fishes splash as we talked. Tim guessed they were carp, and started in on a story about a particularly industrious person:

A guy got a permit to come to this part of the Snake River and net fish, saying he would only take the “garbage fish” — carp and white fish. He cast his nets and threw all of the carp and white fish into crates, which he had situated in the water so the fish could be kept alive. Finally, he brought in a refrigerated semi-truck with a conveyor belt. He brought the crates over to the shore and threw the fish onto the conveyor belt and into the truck. Every once in a while he would stop loading and pull the truck forward and slam on the breaks to force all the fish forward to make room for more, then back up and load more in.

It turned out he shipped them back east to the kosher food market.

One final Tim story:

Another BLM site is a lake by Mount Harrison. There was a man there with a friend when a car of “punks” shows up and puts their speakers on top of the car. The lake is at about 9000′, and noise travels very well. After 3 requests to turn down the music, the man threw their speakers in the lake.

Tim learned of this when the man called the BLM office to tell his side before the punks could file their complaint. Shortly, the punks arrived to press charges, to which Tim said “fine,” and that he even knew where the man lived and what his name was. Punks happy. Until Tim told them that if they press charges, the man will charge them with 3 counts of disturbing the peace, at $85 per charge. He then asked them to weigh that against their $200 speakers. The punks left in chagrin.

—–

I’ve been seeing small prickly pear cacti since before Eden — blooming here at Milner: Yellow, cream, peach, fushsia.

—–

At the far eastern end of the Milner area is a triangular area bordered on 2 sides by private land; the third side is river shore. It is accessible only by an overgrown track that used to be a road, which a swollen creek must have claimed seasons ago. Here by the river is an old campsite covered in willow shoots 2 feet high. An iron fire pit is practically invisible under the vegetation. There is yet a little shaded patch of rocks by the shore, abutting the line of willows that follow the little creek back to where it once ate the road. Here on the edge of the water, at the edge of the willows, is a sunny menagerie of flowers, bees, flies, and spiders, light catching the webs blowing in the willow branches. All of life says yes and throws in its bet.

Presently the wake of a passing boat disturbs the peace, and as if to mark the return of stillness a large butterfly flutters by. A carp lifts its brickish body a foot into the air. Aloft, a pelican adds its sharp contrasts to the scene, then another. I will soon be walking on HW 30 for another 7 or 8 miles to Burly. For now I linger.

—–

From the Sundance Gazette, September 12, 1885 — Thursday night last, Joe Elliott took Russell & Barton’s best team and buggy, and hied himself to the country, we presume, to see his girl. He tells the story: that as he had just passed through a gate and had gone back to close it, and thus left the team standing alone, they became scared and ‘vamoosed’ in the darkness, and he was left afoot on the prairie. Himself and others, hunted till noon for the outfit but could find no trace of them, and it was feared they might have gone over an embankment and killed themselves. About three o’clock however, Ike Meeks found the outfit in a gulch, the buggy upside down and the team standing quietly. Strange as it may appear, not a single thing was injured in any way. There were some happy boys when the rig was brought home, but that girl of Joe’s will have to talk mighty nice to him if she ever gets him out another night.

Sundance Gazette, 11/20/1886 — The familiar face of Joe Elliott is again seen on our streets. Joe has been on the range all summer.

Sundance Gazette, 3/28/1885 –Joe Elliott dropped the white apron the first of the week and will hie himself to the range again. It is as natural for a range man to go there in spring, as it is for a duck to take its northward flight.

Sundance Gazette, 01/25/1889 –Joe Elliott came in from the 6 half-circle this week to meet I. J. Morgan, the manager, who has been spending the winter in his old Delaware home. Mr. Morgan has not arrived yet, but is due here Feb. 1.

Sundance Gazette, 10/17/1890 –Deputy Sheriff Elliott, of Merino, was here several days this week. He says the cattle shipments for the season have nearly closed.

Sundance Gazette, 11/14/1890 –Last Friday Deputy-Sheriff Elliott arrested L. Tettley, a butcher at Merino, and two young men in his employ on the charge of stealing cattle. They were brought to Newcastle for a preliminary hearing. The boys, named Jake Trier and John Timm, had an examination before Henry Leppla, and were bound over to the district court on $900 and $1,000 bonds, in default of which they langush in the brand new county bastile. Tettley got a change of venue and James Shively heard the tale of woe, and bound him over to the tune of $1,500.

Two stories from the Sundance Gazette, 11/21/1890 — L. Tettley, the Merino butcher who was bound over to the district court on the charge of killing range cattle, was released yesterday he having furnished the required bond. T. Waggoner deposited 1,500 in the bank as a bond.
….
Deputy Sheriff Elliott brought word to town Tuesday that Tim Madden had died that day at Merino of pneumonia. He recently came from Buffalo, where he had been employed as a stage driver and cowboy. He was about 30 years old, and single.

Two Stories from Newcastle Journal 04/10/1891 –The case of the State vs. L. Tettley for rustling cattle was called. Tettley plead not guilty.
….
Information having been filed against Thomas Waggoner for attempting to influence a witness, the defense objected to the wording of the information and the objection was sustained. The grand jury will report at 2 o’clock this afternoon.

Wyoming Weekly Republican, 06/24/1891 — James Moore, better known as Jimmy, the Butcher, was found lying dead in his underclothes beside a building in Merino Wednesday morning. He has been a hard drinker for years, and for a month sobered up and worked in a meat market at Merino. Losing his job, he went on a spree lasting ten days, winding up in the above condition. He had evidently got up out of bed and gone out doors to vomit when he died from the effects of his debauch.

Newcastle Journal 06/26/1891 –Newcastle, Wyo., June 22 — The great topic of conversation the past week has been the lynching of Tom Wagoner, who is quite freely charged with not only being a horse rustler — this term meaning one who steals horses on the open range and by changing the brands or branding colts makes the property his own — but being the head of a gang operating between Nebraska through the Big Horn basin to Montana….

Cheyanne Weekly Sun, 07/02/1891 –NEWCASTLE, June 27. — Reports reached here to-night that three rustlers held up Deputy Sheriff Elliott at Wagoner’s ranch and orderd him to leave the county. It is feared thy have regained possession of the ranch and are running off horses.

Wyoming Weekly Republican, 07/08/1891 — A premature report of the probable taking off of Fred W. Coates, administrator of the estate of Tom Waggoner, and Deputy Sheriff Joe Elliott, by the rustlers about Waggoner’s ranch, was exploded by the return of Coates, Elliott, Sheriff Stack and Joe Duling, Sunday night at 10pm. The report started from a herder at the ranch, who became frightened at the stampede of the 60 head of horses in the pasture which broke through the wire fence, killing two horses in the melee. The herder came into Merino for assistance and said he had not seen Coates and Elliott for 3 days. Joe Elliott says he was fired on by two men who were supposed to be running off a bunch of horses. A number of shots were exchanged but no one was hurt. The men left the horses and Elliott run them into the ranch. This took place on the divide between Much and Fiddlers creek. Elliott left town on Tuesday with a load of grub and a cowboy to return to the ranch. He thinks rustlers are after some of the stock. Fred Coates will also return to the ranch. — Newcastle News.

All articles made available by the Wyoming Newspaper Project –

http://www.wyonewspapers.org/

Lead-up to a War

The late 1880s in Wyoming saw an increase in tensions between small ranchers and the large cattle corporations, like the ones Joe Elliott worked for as a cowpuncher and cattle drive foreman in the 1880s. There were nearly a million head of cattle on the Wyoming rangelands in the mid-1880s. A successful homesteader might have had a couple thousand cattle on his land (usually much less), but a single cattle corporation might have owned anywhere from a few tens of thousands to 200,000 head of cattle. The large 101 ranch in northeastern Wyoming, owned by Joe Elliott’s friend Elias Whitcomb, “branded 20,000 calves a year for several years” (Hope).

The harsh winter of 1886-1887 had a couple of important consequences. For one, it killed off large numbers of cattle, precipitating the consolidation of some of the large outfits. For another, it was devastating to most small ranchers. Prior to that winter, Joe Elliott was a foreman in charge of large roundups, having as many as 300 hired cowboys under his supervision at one time. When his outfit, the Six Half Circle, merged with another company in ‘87, he found himself unemployed. This led him, within a year or so, to take a job as a stock detective for the Wyoming Stock Grower’s Association. Here’s what he said of that time:

After the hard winter of ‘86-’87, when so many cattle died, the PLR and Six Half Circle were turned over to Billy Ricketts to run with the Half Circle L outfit, and I was out of a job.

I’m not clear on my moves for the next year or so. I jumped around so much at that time that I’m not sure of dates.

I drove one or two herds for the 101. They were driving up onto Beaver Creek in Montana. One, I think, I drove part way and turned over to Doc Long, who was driving a herd ahead of me, and I went back after another bunch.

I took a crew and went over and rounded up Uncle Whit’s (E. W. Whitcomb’s) horses. He wanted me to stay with him, on the expectation that he and his foreman would part company, and that I would take over. But I wouldn’t do it. I told him, “If you’re going to fire George now, I’ll go to work.” But I didn’t want the job otherwise.

Jack Rogers was sheriff of Crook county. He told me that if I wanted to, to come in and work for him as deputy sheriff. I didn’t. I think I went up and got one man, and brought him back to Sundance.

It was about this time that I went to work for the Association as a stock detective. They put me at Merino (now Upton) [in Weston county]. That was my headquarters as long as I worked for the Wyoming Association.

As another consequence of the harsh winter, many of the cowpunchers who had worked for the large ranches also lost their jobs. Many of these cowboys, knowing the land and the cattle business, took advantage of the Homesteader Act and staked out their own claims on the range. These new ranchers were a threat to the big companies, who were now under great pressure from their financial backers in the East to restock their herds, and most of these cow hands-turned-homesteaders were blackballed from further work with the large ranches.

Tensions erupted on all sides. It is undoubtedly true that many new homesteaders grew their herds by stealing cattle, especially by cutting out unbranded calves (mavericks) from the company herds that covered the range. Yet many honest homesteaders would find their own stock missing after a company drive crossed their land and subsumed their stock. This happened when company drovers moved their cattle onto homesteaders’ land in search of better grass on an already over-grazed range. Fences were still a rare thing on the Wyoming range.

What made things even worse was resentment over the “Maverick Bill,” which the WSGA had pushed through the territorial legislature in 1884. The bill fanned the flames of a steadily building class war between the WSGA member ranches and the homesteaders. The bill gave the association “sole authority to conduct roundups in the territory and claim mavericks. This bill… was bitterly resented, flagrantly violated, and practically unenforceable…. The detectives continued to identify stock thieves, develop evidence of their guilt, and arrest them, but it became increasingly difficult to obtain indictments and convictions because of a rising tide of resentment against the Maverick Bill, the big cattlemen, and especially the detectives themselves” (Alias Frank Canton, DeArment, pp. 80-81). This state of affairs led the residents of Johnson county to organized their own stock association, and to schedule their spring roundup of 1892 a month ahead of the regular WSGA roundup. This infuriated WSGA member ranches, who saw it as a ploy to rustle every maverick on the range. By most accounts, the the WSGA’s ill-fated “invasion” of Johnson county in April of 1892 had already been planned, but the announcement of an earlier roundup in Johnson county made the WSGA’s action more urgent and hasty. Joe Elliott, who participated in the invasion, said this:

Something had to be done, yes, but not what we did nor in the way we did it. Our affair was badly planned and badly managed all the way through. What we should have done, when we heard that the rustlers were planning this shot-gun roundup, was to have gone into Buffalo with a few good men, say 20 well armed men, and told the people there that we didn’t want any trouble, but that we were going to see to it that the roundup was held according to custom and law. We’d have had Angus [Johnson county's sheriff] on our side, I’m sure of it. I believe that suggestion was made, and rejected. I didn’t make it; I was just a hired man.

Wyoming Photos

Here’s a link to some photos I’ve taken this summer and fall here in Wyoming. Feel free to check out the other albums too.

(It seems you’ll probably have to cut and paste the link to your address bar — the hyperlink feature isn’t working for some reason. Sorry.)

http://s248.photobucket.com/albums/gg164/chadeller/Wyoming/

Yesterday I received a short e-mail from a granddaughter of Joe Elliott. She attached these photos of Joe’s parents, Charles and Mary Elizabeth. Very cool to recognize some of the features, like Mary Elizabeth’s chin, that can be seen in my family. Thank you, Beth.

CharlesAmiahElliott
MaryElizabethDavis-Elliott

The “Invaders”

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Taken at Fort Russell, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1892. Joe Elliott is standing, third from the right.

An older Joe

IMGP3474

B. W. Hope’s photo, taken in the early 1940s, when Joe was about 80 years old.

More about Joe

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Here’s Joe Elliott while under arrest after the Johnson County Invasion of April 1892. This photo was taken probably within days of his 32nd birthday. To the chagrin of most Johnson County residents, none of the invaders were convicted, mostly due to the county’s lack of funds. The county’s case against Joe Elliott for the November 1891 attempt on Nate Champion’s life was also dropped. (Champion identified Joe as one of his 3 attackers that morning, but Joe vehemently denied any involvement, stating in the Hope interview that he had never met or seen Champion until the April ‘92 standoff at Kaycee, where both Champion and his companion, Nick Raye, were killed.)

Joe Elliott was released in the fall of 1892. Shortly afterward, a Gillette, Wyoming, newspaper announced his arrival in that city with Mike Shonsey, another stock detective who participated in the invasion. Joe told B. W. Hope the following:

After the trial was over, Mike Shonsey started to Montana to take charge of a herd there, and I went along as, I suppose, what you’d call a bodyguard. We left the train at Moorcroft, and Billy Ricketts, of the Half Circle L, met us at the 101 with horses. He warned us to turn back, said we’d be killed if we didn’t. The man in charge of the ranch at the 101 asked us if we planned to spend the night there. We said, yes, we’d planned to. He said, “You’re welcome, of course, but if you stay I’m going to take my family and get out of here, because there’ll sure be a battle before morning.” Well, that convinced us, and we turned back.

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